Li-brake pads ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa polokeho tsamaisong ea brake, e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa boleng ba brake, mme brake pad e ntle ke mosireletsi oa batho le likoloi (lifofane).
Ntlha ea pele, tšimoloho ea li-brake pads
Ka 1897, HerbertFrood o ile a qapa li-brake pads (a sebelisa khoele ea k'hothone e le fiber e matlafatsang) 'me a li sebelisa likariking tse huloang ke lipere le likoloing tsa pele, moo Khamphani e tummeng ea Ferodo e thehiloeng ho eona. Joale ka 1909, k'hamphani e ile ea qapa "brake pad" ea pele ea lefatše e tiileng ea asbestos; Ka 1968, ho ile ha qaptjoa li-brake pads tsa pele lefatšeng ka bophara, 'me ho tloha ka nako eo, lisebelisoa tsa likhohlano li se li qalile ho hola ho fihlela li se na asbestos. Lapeng le mose ho maoatle ho ile ha qala ho ithuta mefuta e fapaneng ea likhoele tse nchafatsang asbestos joalo ka tšepe ea tšepe, fiber ea khalase, fiber ea aramid, fiber ea carbon le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa thepa ea likhohlano.
Ea bobeli, ho aroloa ha li-brake pads
Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea mantlha ea ho hlophisa lisebelisoa tsa brake. E 'ngoe e arotsoe ke tšebeliso ea mekhatlo. Joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa mariki a koloi, lisebelisoa tsa mariki a terene le lisebelisoa tsa mariki a sefofane. Mokhoa oa ho arola o bonolo ebile o bonolo ho o utloisisa. E 'ngoe e arotsoe ho latela mofuta oa thepa. Mokhoa ona oa ho hlopha ke oa saense haholoanyane. Lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale tsa mariki li kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e meraro e latelang: lisebelisoa tsa mariki tse thehiloeng ho resin (lisebelisoa tsa brake tsa asbestos, lisebelisoa tsa brake tse sa sebetseng tsa asbestos, lisebelisoa tsa mariki tse thehiloeng pampiring), lisebelisoa tsa brake tsa phofo, lisebelisoa tsa brake tsa carbon/carbon composite le lisebelisoa tsa maraki tse thehiloeng ka ceramic.
Ea boraro, thepa ea mariki a koloi
1, mofuta oa thepa ea brake ea koloi ho latela thepa ea tlhahiso e fapane. E ka aroloa ka letlapa la asbestos, lakane ea halofo ea tšepe kapa lakane e tlase ea tšepe, letlapa la NAO (asbestos free organic matter), letlapa la khabone le letlapa la ceramic.
1.1.Letlapa la Asbestos
Ho tloha qalong, asbestos e 'nile ea sebelisoa e le thepa e matlafatsang bakeng sa li-brake pads, hobane fiber ea asbestos e na le matla a phahameng le ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng, kahoo e ka finyella litlhoko tsa li-brake pads le clutch discs le gaskets. Fiber ena e na le matla a matla a ho tsitsa, e ka ba ea tšoana le tšepe ea boemo bo phahameng, 'me e khona ho mamella mocheso o phahameng oa 316 ° C. Ho feta moo, asbestos e batla e le theko e tlaase. E ntšitsoe ho amphibole ore, e fumanoang ka bongata linaheng tse ngata. Lisebelisoa tsa ho ferekana ha asbestos haholo-holo li sebelisa fiber ea asbestos, e leng hydrated magnesium silicate (3MgO · 2SiO2 · 2H2O) e le fiber e matlafatsang. Ho eketsoa setlolo bakeng sa ho lokisa thepa ea likhohlano. Sehlahisoa sa organic matrix composite se fumanoa ka ho tobetsa sekhomaretsi ka har'a hlobo ea khatiso e chesang.
Pele ho lilemo tsa bo-1970. Maqephe a likhohlano tsa mofuta oa asbestos a sebelisoa haholo lefatšeng. Mme ya buswa ka nako e telele. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e mpe ea ho fetisa mocheso oa asbestos. Mocheso oa friction o ke ke oa qhaloa ka potlako. E tla etsa hore lera la ho bola ha mocheso oa bokaholimo ba likhohlano bo teteane. Eketsa moaparo oa lintho tse bonahalang. Khabareng. Metsi a kristale a fiber ea asbestos a na le pula e fetang 400 ℃. Thepa ea likhohlano e fokotsehile haholo mme moaparo o eketseha haholo ha o fihla ho 550 ℃ kapa ho feta. Metsi a kristale a lahlehile haholo. Ntlafatso e felile ka ho felletseng. Habohlokoa le ho feta. E netefalitsoe ke bongaka. Asbestos ke ntho e senyang haholo litho tsa 'mele oa motho. July 1989. Mokhatlo oa United States oa Tšireletso ea Tikoloho (EPA) o ile oa phatlalatsa hore o tla thibela ho kenngoa ha thepa, ho etsoa le ho sebetsa ha lihlahisoa tsohle tsa asbestos ka 1997.
1.2, semi-metal sheet
Ke mofuta o mocha oa thepa ea likhohlano e ntlafalitsoeng motheong oa manyolo a khohlano le thepa ea setso ea phofo ea metallurgy. E sebelisa likhoele tsa tšepe ho e-na le likhoele tsa asbestos. Ke thepa ea likhohlano e seng ea asbestos e ntlafalitsoeng ke American Bendis Company mathoasong a bo-1970.
"Semi-metal" hybrid brake pads (Semi-met) haholo-holo e entsoe ka boea ba tšepe e mahoashe e le fiber e matlafatsang le motsoako oa bohlokoa. Li-asbestos le li-non-asbestos organic brake pads (NAO) li ka khetholloa habonolo ho tloha ponahalong (likhoele tse ntle le likaroloana), hape li na le thepa e itseng ea makenete.
Lisebelisoa tsa semi-metallic friction li na le litšobotsi tse latelang tsa mantlha:
(l) E tsitsitse haholo ka tlase ho coefficient of friction. Ha e hlahise ho bola ha mocheso. Botsitso bo botle ba mocheso;
(2) Ho hanyetsa ho apara hantle. Bophelo ba ts'ebeletso ke makhetlo a 3-5 a lisebelisoa tsa ho ferekana ha asbestos;
(3) Ts'ebetso e ntle ea likhohlano tlas'a mojaro o phahameng le coefficient e tsitsitseng ea likhohlano;
(4) Ts'ebetso e ntle ea mocheso. Mocheso oa mocheso o monyenyane. Haholo-holo e loketseng bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse nyenyane tsa brake disc;
(5) Lerata le lenyenyane la mariki.
United States, Europe, Japane le linaha tse ling li ile tsa qala ho khothaletsa tšebeliso ea libaka tse kholo ka bo-1960. Khanyetso ea ho roala ha letlapa la semi-metal e phahame ho feta 25% ho feta ea lakane ea asbestos. Hajoale, e maemong a holimo 'marakeng oa brake pad naheng ea China. Le likoloi tse ngata tsa Amerika. Haholo-holo likoloi le likoloi tsa baeti le tsa thepa. Semi-metal brake line e balile ho feta 80%.
Leha ho le joalo, sehlahisoa se boetse se na le mefokolo e latelang:
(l) Fiber ea tšepe e bonolo ho mafome, ho bonolo ho khomarela kapa ho senya para ka mor'a mafome, 'me matla a sehlahisoa a fokotsehile ka mor'a mafome,' me ho apara ho eketseha;
(2) Thermal conductivity e phahameng, e leng bonolo ho etsa hore tsamaiso ea brake e hlahise khase e hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng, e leng se bakang lera la ho ferekanngoa le sekhahla sa tšepe ea tšepe:
(3) Ho thatafala ho phahameng ho tla senya lisebelisoa tse peli, ho fella ka moqoqo le lerata le fokolang la maqhubu;
(4) Boima bo phahameng.
Le hoja "semi-metal" e se na mefokolo e nyenyane, empa ka lebaka la botsitso ba eona ba tlhahiso e ntle, theko e tlaase, e ntse e le thepa e ratoang bakeng sa li-brake pads tsa likoloi.
1.3. filimi ea NAO
Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1980, ho ne ho e-na le mefuta e fapaneng ea li-brake linings tse matlafalitsoeng tsa asbestos lefatšeng ka bophara, ke hore, moloko oa boraro oa li-organic matter tse se nang asbestos NAO type brake pads. Sepheo sa eona ke ho lokisa mefokolo ea thepa ea tšepe e matlafalitsoeng ea semi-metallic brake, likhoele tse sebelisoang ke fiber ea semela, fiber ea aramong, fiber ea khalase, fiber ea ceramic, fiber ea carbon, fiber ea diminerale joalo-joalo. Ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea likhoele tse ngata, likhoele tse ka har'a brake line lia tlatsana ts'ebetsong, 'me ho bonolo ho rala foromo ea brake line ka ts'ebetso e phethahetseng e felletseng. Monyetla o ka sehloohong oa letlapa la NAO ke ho boloka phello e ntle ea braking ka mocheso o tlase kapa o phahameng, ho fokotsa ho roala, ho fokotsa lerata, le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba tšebeletso ea brake disc, e emelang tataiso ea morao-rao ea lisebelisoa tsa likhohlano. Thepa ea likhohlano e sebelisoang ke mefuta eohle e tsebahalang ea lefatše ea Benz/Philodo brake pads ke moloko oa boraro oa NAO asbestos-free organic material, e ka robehang ka bolokolohi mocheso ofe kapa ofe, ho sireletsa bophelo ba mokhanni le ho eketsa bophelo ba brake. disc.
1.4, letlapa la carbon carbon
Thepa ea khohlano ea carbon e kopantsoeng ke mofuta oa thepa e nang le matrix a carbon fiber e matlafalitsoeng. Lintho tsa eona tse ferekaneng li ntle haholo. Boima bo tlaase (tšepe feela); Boemo bo phahameng ba bokhoni. E na le mocheso o phahameng haholo ho feta lisebelisoa tsa metallurgy tsa phofo le tšepe; Matla a phahameng a mocheso; Ha ho na deformation, ketsahalo ea adhesion. mocheso o sebetsang ho fihlela ho 200 ℃; Khohlano e ntle le ts'ebetso ea ho apara. Bophelo bo bolelele ba tšebeletso. Coefficient ea likhohlano e tsitsitse ebile e itekanetse nakong ea braking. Lipampiri tse entsoeng ka carbon-carbon li ile tsa sebelisoa ka lekhetlo la pele lifofaneng tsa sesole. Hamorao e ile ea amoheloa ke likoloi tsa mabelo tsa Formula 1, e leng eona feela ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa khabone ka har'a li-brake pads.
Lisebelisoa tsa likhohlano tsa carbon carbon composite ke thepa e khethehileng e nang le botsitso ba mocheso, ho hanyetsa ho roala, motlakase oa motlakase, matla a khethehileng, elasticity e khethehileng le litšobotsi tse ling tse ngata. Leha ho le joalo, lisebelisoa tsa likhohlano tsa carbon-carbon composite le tsona li na le mefokolo e latelang: coefficient ea likhohlano ha e tsitsa. E angoa haholo ke mongobo;
Khanyetso e mpe ea oxidation (oxidation e matla e etsahala ka holimo ho 50 ° C moeeng). Litlhoko tse phahameng tsa tikoloho (e omileng, e hloekileng); E turu haholo. Tšebeliso e lekanyelitsoe libakeng tse khethehileng. Hona hape ke lebaka le ka sehloohong le etsang hore ho be thata ho khothaletsa lisebelisoa tsa khabone ho fokotsa lintho tse ngata.
1.5, likotoana tsa ceramic
E le sehlahisoa se secha ka thepa ea likhohlano. Li-brake pads tsa ceramic li na le melemo ea ho se be le lerata, ha ho na molora o oelang, ha ho na ho bola ha hub ea mabili, bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho joalo-joalo. Li-brake pad tsa Ceramic li ne li qalisoa ke lik'hamphani tsa Majapane tsa brake pad lilemong tsa bo-1990. Butle-butle e be moratuoa e mocha oa 'maraka oa brake pad.
Moemeli ea tloaelehileng oa thepa ea likhohlano e thehiloeng ho ceramic ke li-composites tsa C/ C-sic, ke hore, li-composite tsa carbon fiber tse matlafalitsoeng ke silicon carbide matrix C/SiC. Bafuputsi ba Univesithi ea Stuttgart le Setsi sa Patlisiso sa Aerospace sa Jeremane ba ithutile tšebeliso ea li-composite tsa C/ C-sic sebakeng sa likhohlano, 'me ba ntlafalitse li-brake pads tsa C/C-SIC bakeng sa ho sebelisoa likoloing tsa Porsche. Oak Ridge National Laboratory e nang le metsoako ea Honeywell Advnanced, HoneywellAireratf Lnading Systems, le Sistimi ea Honeywell CommercialVehicle Khamphani e sebetsa 'moho ho etsa li-brake pads tsa theko e tlase tsa C/SiC ho nka sebaka sa maraki a tšepe le a tšepe a tšepe a sebelisoang likoloing tse boima.
2, melemo ea brake pad ea carbon ceramic composite:
1, ha e bapisoa le li-brake pads tse tloaelehileng tsa tšepe, boima ba li-brake pads tsa carbon ceramic bo fokotsehile ka hoo e ka bang 60%, 'me boima bo sa emiseng bo fokotsehile ka lik'hilograma tse ka bang 23;
2, coefficient ea brake friction e na le keketseho e phahameng haholo, lebelo la ho arabela ka brake lea eketseha, 'me ho fokotseha ha brake ho fokotseha;
3, bolelele bo matla ba lisebelisoa tsa carbon ceramic bo tloha ho 0.1% ho isa ho 0.3%, e leng boleng bo phahameng haholo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ceramic;
4, "ceramic disc pedal" e ikutloa e phutholohile haholo, e ka hlahisa matla a mangata hang-hang mohatong oa pele oa braking, kahoo ha ho na tlhoko ea ho eketsa sistimi ea brake assist, 'me braking ka kakaretso e potlakile ebile e khuts'oane ho feta sistimi e tloaelehileng ea braking. ;
5, e le ho hanela mocheso o phahameng, ho na le mocheso oa ceramic pakeng tsa brake piston le brake liner;
6, ceramic brake disc e tšoarella ka mokhoa o makatsang, haeba ts'ebeliso e tloaelehileng e le phetisetso ea mahala ea bophelo bohle, 'me disc e tloaelehileng ea tšepe ea tšepe hangata e sebelisoa lilemo tse' maloa ho nkela sebaka.
Nako ea poso: Sep-08-2023